All of us are conscious of nuclear disaster and most people know how to it can be dangerous for us, it damages our DNA but how? let’s know.
What is radiation?
Radiation is energy in the form of waves or high-speed particles. It can be naturally occurring or artificially generated. Ionizing radiation, the most energetic type, can knock electrons out of the atoms in a process called ionization. This can damage DNA within your body cells.
Radiation can be considered in ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiations, which ionize atoms of our body cells and knock out electrons from atoms, which are x-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiation are that which do not cause bad effects like ionizing one.
In the metric system, a radiation dose is measured in units called sieverts. Small doses such as those received from medical x-rays are measured in millisieverts (1/1,000) or microsieverts (1/1,000,000). Sometimes it is measured in rem ( 1 rem equals 10 millisieverts).
How it affects our DNAs?
When cells and what lies within them come to contact with the radiation, components of DNA get ionized by radiation, meaning that the electrons with atoms are kicked out from the chain and causes genetic changes in our body cells.
It does not affect our DNA as well the whole body. Ionizing radiation leads to the production of free radicals and breaks critical chemical bonds. Generally, cells are damaged by free radicals all the time and repair themselves to keep the body healthy, therefore high doses of radiation can damage the cell’s ability to repair itself. Radiation kills rapidly dividing cells which is why we use it to treat fast-growing cancer cells. Some sensitive areas of our body which can be damaged or denatured by radiation exposer are the brain, eyes, thyroid (thyroid cancer), lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, lymphatic system, and skin.
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